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Item Actualización bibliográfica respecto a enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos ocasionadas por especies del género SalmonellaAutores: Vásquez Vallejos, KarenAutor Institucional: Universidad de TalcaProfesor Guía: Abaca, PaulinaLos alimentos son la base de la supervivencia humana, siendo consumidos cada día para poder solventar los requerimientos energéticos que nuestro cuerpo necesita. Sin embargo, cuando estos se encuentran contaminados, y afectan a un grupo de personas con un alimento en común, generan Enfermedades de Transmisión Alimentaria (ETA), donde el principal agente microbiano encontrado es Salmonella spp., el cual se presenta mayoritariamente con cuadros clínicos gastrointestinales autolimitados, sin requerimientos de terapia antibiótica. La taxonomía y la estructura que presenta este género bacteriano, explica los mecanismos de virulencia que posee, los cuales marcan la diferencia entre cuadros que pueden causar la muerte, y aquellos que solo requieren de terapia de rehidratación. Es por lo anterior que, existen organismos encargados de regular y controlar la generación y distribución de los alimentos, como lo es a nivel Internacional la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (Food and Drug Administration) o también llamada FDA, y en Chile el MINSAL, junto con la SEREMI (Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud) y el ISP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), actúan en conjunto para poder identificar de manera adecuada los reportes de casos de ETA y la confirmación de estas mismas, para poder tomar las medidas correspondientes en caso de ser un caso confirmado, existiendo protocolos estandarizados a nivel nacional para poder llevar a cabo este proceso.Item Rational Design of Hydrogels for Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Delivery: A Molecular Modeling ApproachAutores: Pereira, Alfredo; Valdés-Muñoz, Elizabeth; Marican, Adolfo; Cabrera-Barjas, Gustavo; Vijayakumar, Sekar; Valdés, Óscar; Rafael, Diana; Andrade, Fernanda; Abaca, Paulina; Bustos, Daniel; Durán-Lara, Esteban F.In light of the growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics and in the absence of the development of new antimicrobial agents, numerous antimicrobial delivery systems over the past decades have been developed with the aim to provide new alternatives to the antimicrobial treatment of infections. However, there are few studies that focus on the development of a rational design that is accurate based on a set of theoretical-computational methods that permit the prediction and the understanding of hydrogels regarding their interaction with cationic antimicrobial peptides (cAMPs) as potential sustained and localized delivery nanoplatforms of cAMP. To this aim, we employed docking and Molecular Dynamics simulations (MDs) that allowed us to propose a rational selection of hydrogel candidates based on the propensity to form intermolecular interactions with two types of cAMPs (MP-L and NCP-3a). For the design of the hydrogels, specific building blocks were considered, named monomers (MN), co-monomers (CM), and cross-linkers (CL). These building blocks were ranked by considering the interaction with two peptides (MP-L and NCP-3a) as receptors. The better proposed hydrogel candidates were composed of MN3-CM7-CL1 and MN4-CM5-CL1 termed HG1 and HG2, respectively. The results obtained by MDs show that the biggest differences between the hydrogels are in the CM, where HG2 has two carboxylic acids that allow the forming of greater amounts of hydrogen bonds (HBs) and salt bridges (SBs) with both cAMPs. Therefore, using theoretical-computational methods allowed for the obtaining of the best virtual hydrogel candidates according to affinity with the specific cAMP. In conclusion, this study showed that HG2 is the better candidate for future in vitro or in vivo experiments due to its possible capacity as a depot system and its potential sustained and localized delivery system of cAMP.
