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Item Morphological characters, yields and active principles in wild and cultivated accessions of the Chilean medicinal plant Buddleja globosa HopeAutores: Vogel, H.; Jeldres, P.; Razmilic, I.; Doll, U.Buddleja globosa is a medicinal shrub native to Chile. Its leaves have been traditionally used for wound and ulcer healing. Different medicinal properties, such as outstanding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and analgesic activities have been shown. Today, all raw materials for pharmaceutical process are coming from wild collection or recently established crops but not from selected plants. Studies of the genetic or environmental variability of the species would permit the optimization of yield and quality factors through the selection of genetic material or suitable production sites and management techniques. To assess which traits are determined genetically some yield related plant and leaf characteristics were studied in three wild populations and the cultivated accessions from the same provenances. The cultivated accessions also included three clones coming from individuals found in rural home gardens. For the cultivation studies individuals were arranged in a randomised block design, and those for the irrigation studies in split plots watered at 20% and 65% field capacity. Plant characteristics such as height and width of the plant, the ratio of both, stem diameter and leaf density differed significantly among natural populations. In leaf characteristics only the presence of stipules showed significant differences. The cultivated progenies or clones may give an idea if these differences among populations are due to environmental or to genetic effects. Compared with other provenances, plants from the coastal provenance Los Ruiles are tallest in both natural populations and cultivated clones and also showed superior leaf yields in spite of their lower leaf density. The hairy leaves may cause allergic reactions at the moment of harvest. This characteristic is not influenced by different irrigation treatments and shows no significant differences between cultivated and wild plants. Because of the significant higher leaf yields per plant in home garden clones we assume that formerly individuals with a higher leaf production were selected for cultivation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Biomass, resin and essential oil content and their variability in natural populations of the Chilean crude drug "bailahuen" (Haplopappus spp.)Autores: Gonzalez, B.; Vogel, H.; Razmilic, I.; San Martin, J.; Doll, U.Bailahuen (Haplopappus rigidus, Haplopappus baylahuen, Haplopappus multifolius and Haplopappus taeda; Asteraceae) are medicinal shrubs native to the Andes Mountains of Chile widely used to treat hepatic ailments. At present, exploitation of bailahuen is based on wild collections, affecting the abundance of natural populations. Variability of biomass production and concentration of active compounds in different wild populations of the four Haplopappus species was studied in order to select the best plant material for cultivation. Resins were extracted with dichloromethane and essential oils by distillation. Biomass production of the populations was highest for H. baylahuen and H. rigidus compared with the other species, reaching between 0.56 and 1.61 kg and 1.11-1.48 kg per plant, respectively. No differences were found among populations of the same species. In some H. rigidus populations, the resin content was about a third of the dry weight, whereas plants of H. multifolius had mean values of about 8%. In H. baylahuen (11.3-27.7%) the resin content of leaves differed significantly among populations, whereas the essential oil ranged from 0.02-0.38 mL* 100g DM-1 in H. baylahuen, 0.03-0.5 mL* 100 g DM-1 for H. rigidus, and 0.08-0.35 mL* 100 g DM-1 for H. taeda. Resin content in stems differed only among H. baylahuen (6.3-15.5%) and H. rigidus (10.7-21.2%) populations. No significant differences in essential oil content among species could be detected because of the large amount of variation observed among populations. The variation between plants of the same population may indicate favorable selection potential for future breeding programs.Item Cutting propagation and tannin and flavonoid concentration in leaves of two Ugni molinae provenances from the Maule Region (Chile)Autores: Doll, U.; Rodriguez, I.; Soto, C.; Razmilic, I.The high content of active compounds with antioxidant power found in Ugni molinae leaves, an understory shrub of native forests, caused a search for promising material for cultivation. The aims of this study were to determine the rooting capacity of cuttings of two provenances from the northern distribution limit of the species, and the effect of sun exposure and leaf age on tannin and flavonoid concentration. The rooting trial was carried out in a warm rooting-bed over cuttings coming from 10 mother plants of each provenance. After three months, more than 70% of cuttings rooted; Cordillera de Los Andes provenance outdid Cordillera de la Costa provenance. The application of rooting hormone at the base of cuttings significantly improved the share of successful rooting and the quality of roots formed. Leaves of five sun plants and five shadow plants were collected from each provenance for quantification of active compounds. Sun leaves show higher flavonoid concentration than did shadow leaves in both provenances. Cordillera de los Andes sun leaves contain more tannin than that contained by shadow leaves of the same provenance. Leaf age has no impact on the concentration of active compounds.Item Studies of genetic variation of essential oil and alkaloid content in boldo (Peumus boldus)Autores: Vogel, H.; Razmilic, I.; Munoz, M.; Doll, U.; Martin, J.S.Boldo is a tree or shrub with medicinal properties native to Chile. The leaves contain alkaloids and essential oils. Variation of total alkaloid concentration, of the alkaloid boldine, and essential oil components were studied in different populations from northern, central, and southern parts of its geographic range and in their progenies (half-sib families). Total alkaloid concentration showed genetic variation between progenies of the central population but not between populations. Boldine content found in concentrations of 0.007 to 0.009% did not differ significantly between populations. Principal components of the essential oil were determined genetically, with highest values for ascaridole in the population of the north and for p-cymene in the south. Between half-sib families genetic variation was found in the central and northern populations for these components. The high heritability coefficients found indicate considerable potential for successful selection of individuals for these characters.
