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Item Composition and Food Web Structure of Aphid-Parasitoid Populations on Plum Orchards in ChileAutores: Alvarez Baca, Jeniffer K.; Montealegre, Xiomara; Alfaro Tapia, Armando; Zepeda Paulo, Francisca; Van Baaren, Joan; Lavandero, Blas; Le Lann, CecileIn terrestrial natural ecosystems, more complex and diverse networks of plant-insect primary consumers and their predators are often more productive, stable, and resilient. Plant diversity often positively correlates to the diversity of phytophagous insects and their natural enemies generating multitrophic interactions with changing outcomes (bottom-up effects). The use of cover crops can promote natural enemy populations and their temporal synchronization with a target pest, resulting in greater pest control. Therefore, changes in the habitat conditions can alter food webs. In agroecosystems, characteristics of the food trophic webs, as connectance, measured as the proportion of realized links in the network, could be linked to the efficiency of pest control. In this study, we evaluated how the use of oat cover crops affects composition and structure in the aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs of plum orchards with different habitat management contexts: plums with inter-rows of oats as a cover crop (OCC) and plums with inter-rows with spontaneous vegetation (SV). Quantitative food web metrics differed significantly among treatments showing a higher generality, vulnerability, interaction evenness, and linkage density in SV, while OCC presented a higher degree of specialization. By increasing plant diversity in agroecosystems, it has been proposed that one can enhance and stabilize ecosystem functioning by increasing natural enemies' diversity
