5 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Item Understanding the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the physical properties of brain lipid membranesAutores: Longarzo, María L.; Vázquez, Romina F.; Bellini, María J.; Zamora, Ricardo A.; Redondo Morata, Lorena; Giannotti, Marina I.; Oliveira Jr., Osvaldo N.; Fanani, María L.; Mate, Sabina M.A deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids ( to 3 FAs) in the brain has been correlated with cognitive impairment, learning deficiencies, and behavioral changes. In this study, we provided to 3 FAs as a supplement to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR+ to 3). Our focus was on examining the impact of dietary supplementation on the physicochemical properties of the brain-cell membranes. Significant increases in to 3 levels in the cerebral cortex of SHR+ to 3 were observed, leading to alterations in brain lipid membranes molecular packing, elasticity, and lipid miscibility, resulting in an augmented phase disparity. Results from synthetic lipid mixtures confirmed the disordering effect introduced by to 3 lipids, showing its consequences on the hydration levels of the monolayers and the organization of the membrane domains. These findings suggest that dietary to 3 FAs influence the organization of brain membranes, providing insight into a potential mechanism for the broad effects of dietary fat on brain health and disease.Item The Mediation Effect of Attitudes for the Association between Thoughts and the Use of Condoms in a Mobile-App Environment: From Thought to IntentionAutores: Besoaín, Felipe; Gallardo, IsmaelThe ubiquity of mobile devices and access to the internet has changed our daily life and, in some cases, promoted and facilitated social and sexual interrelationships. There are many applications of technology and campaigns promoting healthy behaviors and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Can we develop a strategy for the same purpose using mobile devices, based on the theory of attitude change? We developed an app and tested it with 105 undergraduate students, where they had to actively think in favor of condom use with a high amount of elaboration, leading to attitudes and behavioral intention (BI) in concordance with contemporary theories about attitudes and behavioral change. PROCESS macro models were used to analyze potential mediations. Results show a significant correlation between thoughts and attitudes, and attitudes partially mediated the association between thoughts and condom use. Individuals with positive thoughts tended to positively correlate their thoughts with their attitudes, and, consequently, these attitudes with their BI. In this study, we showed that (1) it was possible to develop and test an app based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM); (2) consistent with previous studies, attitudes partially mediated the association between thoughts and condom use (BI) in a mobile environment; and (3) applications of this strategy can be used to build new approaches for prevention in health care.Item Sublethal Effects of Insecticides on the Parasitism of Acerophagus flavidulus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Parasitoid of the Obscure Mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)Autores: Radrigán Navarro, Catalina; Fuentes Contreras, José EduardoInsecticides used to control agricultural pests can interfere with beneficial arthropods. This study determined the sublethal effects of two insect growth regulators-buprofezin and pyriproxyfen-and the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid on adults of Acerophagus flavidulus (Brethes), a parasitoid of the obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret). A. flavidulus was exposed to insecticide residues at the minimum recommended rate of buprofezin and pyriproxyfen (1x) and 0.005x of acetamiprid on apple leaves under laboratory conditions. Each female parasitoid was in contact with the insecticide residues for 24 h and then allowed to parasitize three mealybug densities (two, four, and six nymphs) per parasitoid for 24 h. Parasitism, emergence rate, clutch size, development time, longevity, and secondary sex ratio were evaluated under each insecticide treatment and mealybug density. Application of the growth regulators buprofezin and pyriproxyfen at the labeled rate (1x) induced less sublethal effects than acetamiprid applied at a low rate (0.005x) on A. flavidulus. Pyriproxyfen and acetamiprid reduced parasitism, but they did not affect other aspects of development such as emergence rate, clutch size, development time, longevity, and secondary sex ratio. Our data suggest that buprofezin and pyriproxyfen are more compatible with A. flavidulus than acetamiprid, which could be integrated with parasitoid activity only when low residue levels in the field are attained.Item Factores determinantes que condicionan el comportamiento ético frente a la evasión de impuestos Parte IIAutores: Cáceres Azócar, Cristina MatildeProfesor: Gana Galarce, Aída AndreaAutor Institucional: Universidad de TalcaProfesor Guía: Farías Retamal, Claudia MaríaEsta investigación explora como influyen los distintos determinantes en el comportamiento del contribuyente frente a la evasión fiscal, buscando la respuesta por medio de revisión literaria de investigaciones, encuestas, informes y libros. Se explorará el comportamiento ético del contribuyente y la conexión que se genera por la percepción que éste tiene del Estado y sus instituciones. El propósito de este estudio será evidenciar como influyen en el comportamiento ético del contribuyente la confianza y los actos de corrupción, producto de la percepción que estos tienen en la administración y las instituciones del estado, las cuales evidencian conductas alejadas del bien común. El enfoque metodológico que tendrá esta investigación es cualitativo, debido a la naturaleza de los datos que serán considerados, estos no serán de carácter numérico. La recolección va dirigida a proporcionar una mayor comprensión respecto de la confianza en las entidades públicas y en el Estado, la percepción de los actos de corrupción, que cobran gran relevancia en estos tiempos, dada la contingencia que vive el país, la falta de compromiso y cumplimiento de los ciudadanos en el pago del impuesto y su compromiso con el Estado. // ABSTRACT: This research explores how the different determinants influence taxpayer’s behavior in the face of tax evasion, seeking the answer through a literary review of research, surveys, reports, and books. The ethical behavior of the taxpayer and the connection generated as a result of their perception of the state and its institutions will be explored. The purpose of this study will be to show how trust and acts of corruption influence the ethical behavior of the taxpayer, as a result of the perception that they have in the administration and state institutions, which show behaviors that are far from the common good. The methodological approach of this research is qualitative, due to the nature of the data that will be considered, these will not be numerical. The collection aims to provide a greater understanding regarding trust in public entities, the perception of corruption acts which are highly relevant in these times, given the contingency the country is experiencing, the lack of compliance of citizens in paying the tax, and their commitment to the State.Item Conceptualización de caries dental y su relación con rutina de cuidado bucal preventivaAutores: Crisóstomo Daza, Carlos JavierAutor Institucional: Universidad de TalcaProfesor Guía: Fernández González, ConstanzaProfesor Informante: Gambetta Tessini, Karla FrancescaDado que la comprensión de caries dental ha evolucionado enormemente, impactando su manejo, se hace necesario identificar discrepancias en su entendimiento como enfermedad, especialmente entre profesionales odontólogos y profesionales en formación. Así, esta investigación evaluó si existe alguna relación entre el entendimiento (conceptualización) de caries dental, y como estudiantes y docentes de Odontología manejan la enfermedad. Para esto, estudiantes de pregrado y docentes (n=616) fueron invitados a participar voluntariamente de una encuesta electrónica anónima autoadministrada utilizando Qualtrics®. Datos demográficos, concepto de caries dental (pregunta discursiva), hábitos de cuidado bucal, y autopercepción de riesgo cariogénico fueron obtenidos. Chi-cuadrado se utilizó para análisis de datos (α=0,05). Utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido dos investigadores independientemente clasificaron las respuestas discursivas (n=372; 339 estudiantes y 33 docentes; tasa de respuesta global 62,3%) en las siguientes categorías: [1]solo signos o enfermedad infecciosa (15% estudiantes(e); 6,1% docentes(d)); [2]multifactorial sin definir factor causal (2,4%e; 9,1%d); [3]solo biofilm (20,4%e; 12,1%d); [4]solo dieta (12,1%e; 6,1%d); [5]concepto biológico (41,9%e; 57,6%d); [6]concepto integral (3,5%e; 9,1%d); [8]otro (4,7%e; 0%d). En general, un 47,3% definió la enfermedad según conceptos modernos (categorías 5 y 6). El concepto de caries también se relacionó con la modificación de dieta y rutina de cepillado diario. Observamos que docentes y estudiantes de cursos más avanzados (4to en adelante) tienen conceptos más actualizados y mejor rutina de cuidado preventivo. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el entendimiento correcto y actual de la enfermedad de caries dental se relaciona con un mejor cuidado preventivo de esta.
