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Item The binding of 4-ethylguaiacol with polyaniline-based materials in winesAutores: Marican, A.; Carrasco-Sanchez, V.; John, A.; Laurie, VF.; Santos, LS.4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG) is one of the important compounds responsible for the "Brett character" (i.e. spicy and smoky aromas) found in wines contaminated with Brettanomyces yeast. In this trial, the ability of polyaniline-based materials (PANI-EB and PANI-ES) was tested as a potential fining agent for the removal of 4-EG in wine. First, a screening study was developed in order to determine the binding capacity of 4-EG by PANI materials in 12% ethanol solution. Then, the capturing ability of PANI against 4-EG was evaluated with a solution containing gallic acid (GA), 4-methyl-catechol (4-MC), in which the concentration of the phenolic compounds were maintained as in the real wine. The results obtained showed that the retention percentage varied between 0 to 100% (4-EG), 13.81% to 72.32% (GA), and 0 to 17.39% (4-MC), depending on the interaction time and amount of the PANI used. Finally, the capturing capacity of PANI-EB and PANI-ES against 4-EG was evaluated in a real wine sample containing originally 3.10 +/- 0.13 mg L-1 of 4-EG and 2.55 +/- 0.10 g L-1 of other total phenolic compounds. The analyses performed indicated that PANI-EB is more effective in removing 4-EG than PANI-ES, with retention percentages varying between 36 and 50%. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Phenolic Profile and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Properties of Three Chilean Altiplano Plants: Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze [Lamiaceae], Mutisia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. var. hirsuta (Meyen) Cabrera, and Tagetes multiflora (Kunth) [Asteraceae]Autores: Fernández-Galleguillos, Carlos; Jiménez-Aspee, Felipe; Mieres-Castro, Daniel; Rodríguez-Nuñez, Yeray A.; Gutiérrez, Margarita; Guzman, Luis; Echeverria, Javier; Sandoval-Yañez, Claudia; Forero-Doria, OscarThis research aimed to identify the phenolic profile and composition of the aerial parts of three native species used in traditional medicine in the Andean Altiplano of northern Chile: Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze [Lamiaceae] (commonly known as Muña-Muña), Mutisia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. var. hirsuta (Meyen) Cabrera [Asteraceae] (commonly known as Chinchircoma), and Tagetes multiflora (Kunth), [Asteraceae] (commonly known as Gracilis), as well as to evaluate their potential inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Polyphenolic enriched-extracts (PEEs) of the species were prepared and analyzed and the main components were quantified using HPLC-DAD. In total, 30 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in all species, including simple phenolics, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols (monomers and polymers), flavanones, and flavonols. In addition, other main phenolics from the extracts were tentatively identified by ESI-MS-MS high-resolution analysis. T. multiflora extract showed the greatest anti-AChE and BChE activity in comparison with C. gilliesii and M. acuminata extracts, being the anti-AChE and BChE activity weak in all extracts in comparison to galantamine control. To comprise to better understand the interactions between cholinesterase enzymes and the main phenolics identified in T. multiflora, molecular docking analysis was conducted.
